The Science of Coronaviruses
Part 2: How Do Coronaviruses Infect Us?
1. Binding to the ACE2 Receptor
2. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
3. pH-Induced Conformational Change
4. A Closer Look at the Spike Protein
Paper Modeling Activity 2: Build a Host Cell
In order to replicate, the coronavirus must attach to a host cell and puncture a hole in its membrane, allowing it to inject its viral genome. In this activity, you can print, color or draw your own host cell membrane.
Our paper model provided below can be printed, cut and folded into a 3-dimensional physical representation of the membrane. You can also draw your own host cell.
Color Host Cell Model PDF
Black and White Host Cell Model PDF (Use colored pencils to color your model if you wish.)
Host Cell Drawing Guide PDF (Use this guide to draw your own host cell. You will need paper, pencil and a ruler.)
Additional Resources
- livescience.com article: "Coronavirus 'spike' protein just mapped, leading way to vaccine"
- A recent paper reporting the structure of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 published in Science Magazine
Comparing Coronavirus to the Influenza Virus Infection Cycle
The molecular techniques used by influenza (flu) viruses to enter our cells have many similarities to the techniques used by coronaviruses.
Influenza Virus Infection Process Video
This 8.5 x 11 poster, which you can download and print, also explores these five key infection steps:
- Attachment
- Endocytosis
- Acidification
- Apposition
- RNA Release